Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSNHL)
What is Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSNHL)?
Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSNHL) is an emergency condition characterized by rapid hearing loss occurring within 72 hours or less, typically affecting one ear. It requires immediate medical intervention to optimize recovery chances.
Causes of SSNHL:
The exact cause is often unknown (idiopathic), but several factors are associated:
- Viral infections (e.g., herpes simplex).
- Vascular disorders (e.g., clots or reduced blood flow).
- Autoimmune diseases targeting the inner ear.
- Head or ear trauma.
- Ototoxic medications (e.g., certain antibiotics).
- Genetic predisposition.
Symptoms of SSNHL:
- Sudden, unexplained hearing loss, usually unilateral.
- Sensation of a pop or fullness in the affected ear.
- Tinnitus (ringing or noises in the ear).
- Vertigo or dizziness in some cases.
- Severity ranges from mild to profound.
Diagnosis of SSNHL:
- Medical History: Review of symptoms and potential triggers.
- Hearing Tests:
- Pure-tone audiometry to measure hearing levels.
- Tympanometry to assess middle ear function.
- Speech discrimination testing to evaluate speech understanding.
- Additional Tests: Blood work, MRI, or serologic tests to rule out other causes.
Treatment of SSNHL:
• Medical Treatment:
- Corticosteroids: The primary treatment, given orally (e.g., prednisone) or via intratympanic injection to reduce inflammation and promote recovery.
- Antivirals: Considered if a viral infection is suspected.
- Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: A controversial option to enhance inner ear oxygenation.
• Supportive Care:
- Counseling on coping strategies.
- Hearing aids or cochlear implants for persistent hearing loss.
Outcomes:
Responses vary:
- Some recover spontaneously within weeks.
- Others experience partial recovery or no improvement.
- Recovery odds depend on:
- Initial hearing loss severity.
- Underlying cause.
- Treatment timing (early corticosteroid use improves outcomes).
Important Notes:
SSNHL is a medical emergency requiring prompt attention. Early intervention (within days of onset) significantly enhances recovery potential. If you or someone you know experiences sudden hearing loss, seek medical care immediately.
